Republicans Donald Trump Democrats Congress
  See $$$ From Your Zip Code $10,618,476,973 in Contributions for 2020 Election
Home | Money Search | Top 25 Candidates | Election News | About
Data Updated on 7/11/2020

Christopher Peterson
Political Campaign Contributions
2020 Election Cycle

Contribution Totals

Download all contribution records for this person
from 1999 to present
To a Spreadsheet or Other File Type
2020 Transaction Count/Amount 94/$9,055
2018 Transaction Count/Amount 187/$20,919
2016 Transaction Count/Amount 112/$6,264
2014 Transaction Count/Amount 4/$1,415
2012 Transaction Count/Amount 7/$2,025
2010 Transaction Count/Amount 3/$850
2008 Transaction Count/Amount 23/$19,450
2006 Transaction Count/Amount 11/$69,800
2004 Transaction Count/Amount 20/$65,927
2002 Transaction Count/Amount 7/$5,200
2000 Transaction Count/Amount 1/$500

Download all contribution records for this person
from 1999 to present
To a Spreadsheet or Other File Type

Christopher Peterson Political Contributions in 2020

Name & LocationEmployer/OccupationDollar
Amount		DatePrimary/
General		Contibuted To
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 12/31/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER L. MR.
YANKTON, SD
57078		Cortrust Bank National Association/Cortrust Bank National Association/Senior Vice President$5 12/31/2019 P INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKERS OF AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$50 12/31/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$50 12/31/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 12/20/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$50 12/16/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$50 12/16/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 12/13/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 12/10/2019 P NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC TRAINING COMMITTEE PAC
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 12/10/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 12/06/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER L. MR.
YANKTON, SD
57078		Cortrust Bank National Association/Cortrust Bank National Association/Senior Vice President$5 11/30/2019 P INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKERS OF AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 11/29/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$25 11/26/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$25 11/26/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 11/22/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 11/15/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
SALT LAKE CITY, UT
84103		University Of Utah/University Of Utah/Professor$250 11/14/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
SALT LAKE CITY, UT
84103		University Of Utah/University Of Utah/Professor Of Law$250 11/14/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 11/10/2019 P NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC TRAINING COMMITTEE PAC
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 11/10/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 11/08/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 10/31/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER L. MR.
YANKTON, SD
57078		Cortrust Bank National Association/Cortrust Bank National Association/Senior Vice President$20 10/31/2019 P INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKERS OF AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 10/25/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$25 10/22/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$25 10/22/2019 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 10/15/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 10/11/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 10/10/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 10/10/2019 P NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC TRAINING COMMITTEE PAC
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER L. MR.
YANKTON, SD
57078		Cortrust Bank National Association/Cortrust Bank National Association/Senior Vice President$300 10/07/2019 P INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKERS OF AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 09/30/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER L. MR.
YANKTON, SD
57078		Cortrust Bank National Association/Cortrust Bank National Association/Senior Vice President$20 09/30/2019 P INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY BANKERS OF AMERICA POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 09/27/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 09/13/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 09/13/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CARBONDALE, CO
81623		Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Retail Sales$250 09/12/2019 P VOTETIPTON.COM - Republican
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CARBONDALE, CO
81623		Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Retail/Sales$250 09/12/2019 P WINRED
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$20 09/11/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 09/10/2019 P NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC TRAINING COMMITTEE PAC
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 09/10/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 08/30/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 08/30/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 08/16/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 08/15/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 08/10/2019 P NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC TRAINING COMMITTEE PAC
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 08/10/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 08/09/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$20 08/06/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 07/31/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
55439		Express Scripts Services Co/Express Scripts Services Co/Dir - Clinical Eval & Policy$14 07/26/2019 P EXPRESS SCRIPTS INC. POLITICAL FUND (A/K/A EXPRESS SCRIPTS PAC)
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$25 07/25/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 07/15/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
SEATTLE, WA
98122		Facebook/Facebook/Manager$50 07/12/2019 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 07/10/2019 ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 07/10/2019 P NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC TRAINING COMMITTEE PAC
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 06/28/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 06/14/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
PALO ALTO, CA
94306		Facebook/Facebook/Manager$50 06/12/2019 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 06/10/2019 P NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC TRAINING COMMITTEE PAC
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 05/31/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 05/15/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
PALO ALTO, CA
94306		Facebook/Facebook/Manager$50 05/12/2019 P WIN THE ERA PAC - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
EVANSTON, IL
60202		Loyola University Chicago/Loyola University Chicago/Professor$50 05/10/2019 P NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC TRAINING COMMITTEE PAC
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 04/30/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 04/15/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 03/29/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER E
HARBORCREEK, PA
16510		Hero Bx/Hero Bx/Finance & Risk Management$250 03/27/2019 P MIKE KELLY FOR CONGRESS - Republican
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$41 03/15/2019 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER E
HARBORCREEK, PA
16510		Hero Bx/Hero Bx/Finance & Risk Management$250 01/30/2019 P MIKE KELLY FOR CONGRESS - Republican
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CENTERVILLE, UT
84014		Not Employed/Not Employed/Not Employed$118 01/01/1900 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CARBONDALE, CO
81623		Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Sales Management$250 01/01/1900 P CORY GARDNER FOR SENATE - Republican
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CENTERVILLE, UT
84014		Not Employed/Not Employed/Not Employed$27 01/01/1900 P ACTBLUE
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CARBONDALE, CO
81623		Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Retail Sales$250 01/01/1900 P HOUSE CD6 - Republican
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CARBONDALE, CO
81623		Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Retail Sales Management$1,000 01/01/1900 P VOTETIPTON.COM - Republican
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
ASHEVILLE, NC
28814		Peterson Properties/Peterson Properties/Owner$1,500 01/01/1900 P WAYNE KING FOR CONGRESS - Republican
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$45 01/01/1900 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$5 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CENTERVILLE, UT
84014		Not Employed/Not Employed/Not Employed$27 01/01/1900 P BERNIE 2020 - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CARBONDALE, CO
81623		Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Sales Management$200 01/01/1900 P CORY GARDNER FOR SENATE - Republican
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$45 01/01/1900 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$5 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CARBONDALE, CO
81623		Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Retail Sales$250 01/01/1900 P WINRED
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$5 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$45 01/01/1900 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$5 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
CARBONDALE, CO
81623		Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Alpine Hardware Of Colorado/Retail Sales Management$1,000 01/01/1900 P VOTETIPTON.COM - Republican
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
WALKERSVILLE, MD
21793		Latham Biopharm Group/Latham Biopharm Group/Consultant$5 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$45 01/01/1900 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
RICHMOND, VA
23226		None/None/Not Employed$50 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$45 01/01/1900 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
RICHMOND, VA
23226		None/None/Not Employed$35 01/01/1900 P WARREN FOR PRESIDENT, INC. - Democrat
PETERSON, CHRISTOPHER
NEW YORK, NY
10017		Pfizer Inc/Pfizer Inc/Us Tanezumab Market Development - Kol$45 01/01/1900 P PFIZER INC. PAC - Unknown

Search

Contributors:
   Individual's Name
   Employer
   Occupation
   City
   County
   Zip Code
   State
Candidates:
   Name
   Party
   State
Committees (PACs):
   Name
   Category
"527" Organizations:
   Organizations
   Contributors by Name
   Contributors by Zip
Lobbyists:
   Name
   Client

Directories

   Top $$$ Contributors
   Contributions by Zip
   Candidates by State
   Committees (PACs)
   527 Organizations

Reports

Celebrity Contributors:
   Aaron Sorkin
   Andrew Fastow
   Arnold Palmer
   Arnold Schwarzenegger
   Ben Affleck
   Bill Cosby
   Bill Gates
   Calvin Klein
   Dennis Kozlowski
   Donald Trump
   George Soros
   Hugh Hefner
   Jack Grubman
   Jeff Skilling
   John Grisham
   John Rigas
   Ken Lay
   Martha Stewart
   Mel Gibson
   Oprah Winfrey
   Ralph Lauren
   Donald Trump
   Richard Scrushy
   Rush Limbaugh
   Sam Waksal
   Scott Sullivan
   Steven Spielberg
   Tom Cruise
   Tommy Hilfiger
Industry Contributors:
   CEO/Chief Executives
   College Professors
   Journalists/Reporters
   Trial Lawyers
   Golf Professionals
   Poker Professionals
   Mortgage Brokers
   Futures Brokers
   Stock Brokers
   Options Brokers
   Life Insurance
   Health Insurance
   Auto Insurance
   Securities Lawyers
   Boats & Yachts
   Defense Contracts
   Nonprofits
   Aircraft
Baseball Contributors:
   New York Yankees
   Boston Red Sox
   Chicago Cubs
Notable Politicians:
   Barack Obama
   George W Bush
   John Kerry
   Ralph Nader
   Hillary Clinton
Companies:
   Microsoft
   CNN
   Apple Computer
   New York Times
   News Corporation
   Nike
   Halliburton
   General Electric
   Exxon Mobil
   Ford Motor
   Anheuser Busch
Top 10 Contributors:
   Thomas Steyer
   Linda Mcmahon
   Sheldon Adelson
   Miriam Adelson
   Bob Perry
   Michael Bloomberg
   Harold Simmons
   Fred Eychaner
   J Ricketts
   John Raese




Copyright © 2025 CampaignMoney.com All rights reserved.  disclaimer